On April 23rd 2009, I had the opportunity to speak with Dan Zanger. Zanger is a legend in the stock trading business, having run up a six figure account to $42 million during the heyday of the internet bubble. Many dismissed his performance as sheer luck, but it took 20+ years of hard work and dedication before he became an “overnight success”. The story of Zanger’s struggles and learning experiences before he turned the corner should be an inspiration to all aspiring traders.
From 1969-1972, Zanger spent his life as a “ski bum”, working at resorts in Mammoth Lakes, CA and Steamboat Springs, CO. During this time, he came across Ed Thorp’s book “Beat the Dealer”, and every 3-4 weeks would travel to Lake Tahoe to play blackjack using Thorp’s card-counting methodology. He was thrown out of casinos several times using the strategy, and quickly learned that to succeed counting cards required focus, concentration, and desire. These character traits would be the foundation of Zanger’s eventual market success. Zanger also learned that “you absolutely must get back up after losing” instead of taking setbacks as an excuse to quit.
By the late 70s, Zanger had moved back to Southern California and began working for an L.A. area contractor. After a few years he struck out on his own to start a contracting and pool installation business, focusing on the Beverly Hills market.
His exposure to the stock market came through his mother, who often dabbled in shares. The home television was constantly tuned to KWHY, a Los Angeles area UHF station that had one of the nation’s first on-air stock tickers. The station’s daytime programming was dedicated to the stock market and other investments. Gene Morgan’s “Charting the Market” segment was particularly of interest to Zanger. Gene would show long-term charts from Daily Graphs, and his message was that the charts could help predict the future. This statement grabbed Zanger’s attention as he was looking for ways to build a second income. During this period, Zanger invested in stocks with a few successes and failures, but nothing noteworthy. One of his first picks in 1980 went from $1.00 to $3.50 in a few weeks, but Zanger admits that he spent all his time looking for “cheap”, low-priced stocks rather than focusing on the quality institutional stocks that would lay the bedrock of his future fortune.
In 1984, Zanger began reading Investor’s Business Daily, the new paper launched by William O’Neil, but Zanger’s investment style was still “eclectic” in style and not producing the results that he was after.
It wasn’t until a trinity of events transpired in close proximity during 1989 that Zanger’s life shifted towards the path that would eventually lead to his eye-popping returns. In that year, Zanger read a copy of Donald Trump’s recently released book, “The Art of the Deal”. One thing that stuck with Zanger was Trump’s statement that “There are a lot of smarter people than me that didn’t make a lot of money because they went into the wrong business.” Trump’s no-nonsense advice was that “if you want to make big money, go into a field that pays big money.” For Trump, in the late 80s these fields were Wall Street and Real Estate. Trump’s advice resonated with Zanger, who began to take a more active interest in the market. As Zanger bluntly says:
“The pool business sucked.”
Around the same time, Zanger attended an IBD seminar hosted by O’Neil which discussed the CAN SLIM method. One of the key moments during the seminar when O’Neil looked at the audience and said “If you do your homework, you’ll have more money than you’ll know what to do with.” Immediately, Zanger took this to heart and dedicated himself to work, work and more work. In this case, it meant research involving endless hours poring over charts. Trying to save funds, Zanger would go to the printing plant in Playa Del Rey that produced the IBD Daily Graphs chart books. Each week, he would buy a copy of the latest chart book from the plant, and spend his entire weekend poring over charts looking for the next hot stock. Zanger admits that his social life suffered as he didn’t have time to go out to dinner or drinks with friends. He became somewhat of a recluse, totally focused on his stock research.
Zanger’s mother passed away in 1989, and this was the final event in the trinity that was to permanently transform Zanger’s life. She left him with a $100k inheritance, and suddenly Zanger decided it was time to get serious. Prior to this, Zanger never had any significant assets to worry about and thus was never forced to develop a proven investment framework. He had been more of a gambler, and as he says “I lose gambling.”
During 1990-1991, Zanger latched on to winning stocks such as Thorn Apple Valley, National Western Life, and Cisco and in six months ran his account up to $450k. He began to think about the things he could buy with his winnings, and he now ruefully recalls “as soon as you bring out the calculator, it’s time to go to cash.”
Zanger was still running his pool contracting business, which had grown to 30 employees. However, the 1990 recession coupled with the postsoviet defense cutbacks eviscerated his market. Southern California had been hit with a double whammy and the real estate market was crushed.
No one wanted to spend money on a pool. Zanger decided he’d better focus on his investments if he wanted to continue to make a living. However, even on this front, Zanger was having difficulties…
The 1990 bear market hit Zanger hard. Since his contracting business “had collapsed” (he went from 35 employees to 3), he had all the time in the world to look at charts. He carried a portable quote device called the “Quotrek”, and the combination of extra time and easy access to live quotes resulted in a frenetic bout of activity, though not always productive. Zanger tried to trade for a living but admits he was getting “clocked, making a lot of rookie mistakes.” At one point, he was long the stock of Creative Technologies. He watched it go from 18 to 36, and carefully monitored its progress. All the while he was increasing his exposure during the advance, a strategy that he now calls “a classic rookie error. You don’t add on the way up, you trim on the way up!” The stock then pulled back to 30, which put him at the breakeven level. The next day while driving on the freeway, he saw on his Quotrek that the stock had gapped down to 22 at which point Zanger pulled over to liquidate the position. This trade along with a loss in Chantal Pharmaceuticals left Zanger’s account at less than $100k. Zanger learned his lesson to be very careful of how you add on the way up. Zanger laughs at the recollection and admits that if his broker had allowed Chantal to be purchased on margin, Zanger would have lost his house because he was so bullish.
From 1991 to 1997, Zanger’s account experienced a series of ups and downs, but he always felt he was increasing skill in the markets. During this time, he also began publishing his newsletter (www.chartpattern.com). In the beginning, he would fly to the Money Shows, and since he couldn’t afford a booth, would just stand in the entry way and hand out samples of his market picks. At the time, it was just a text newsletter without any charts, which he also distributed via e-mail. He built up a loyal readership of more than 300 people. The price was right since Zanger was not charging for the service at that time.
Zanger had also been an AIQ subscriber since 1991, and he went to a user group meeting in 1996 where he presented is newsletter picks. The group liked his ideas so much that they repeatedly invited him back. Zanger enjoyed the forum for presenting his ideas but didn’t want to spend the time commuting to the meetings when he could be doing market research. Eventually, Zanger moved the meetings to his home, which would grow to 30+ people at a time. Soon this became too much of a distraction, and Zanger switched to faxing out his market picks. Finally, so many people were clamoring for Zanger’s newsletter that he decided to move to a subscriber model, thinking that it would be a profitable business. Zanger laughs when recalling that of the 300+ readers, only one agreed to actually pay for the information once he moved to a subscription model. In 1997, Zanger had an epiphany about the market and though his prediction turned out to be right, he ended up broke. During the fall of that year, oil stocks were among the big market leaders and the OIX index, which tracks the group, experienced a key reversal. Zanger felt the group had put in an important top but he did nothing. The next day the group was hit hard again, but still Zanger did not act. The market continued to correct, and when Zanger finally tried to sell his positions, his web account was frozen. His broker had been purchased by another company and during the transition their website went down leaving Zanger’s margined account at the mercy of the market. The market showed none. When the dust settled, Zanger’s account was wiped out, leaving him with $775 in cash. Chastened, Zanger looked to learn from the experience and deadpans: “I learned never to hold a stock that is going down.”
It was now that Zanger’s most important lesson, learned decades earlier at the Blackjack tables came to inspire him to push forward: “You must get up after losing.” Zanger would tell himself as he looked to rebuild his stake and resume his trading. He sold a classic Porsche he owned for $10k, and opened a new trading account with the grand sum of $10,775. In just a couple of years, this stake would multiply into $42 million through astute stock picks and disciplined risk management.
In 1998, Zanger had two goals:
- Rebuild his trading capital
- Move his newsletter to a website based subscription model.
In the summer of ’98, Zanger made progress towards the 1st goal, increasing his capital from $11k to $90k via trading gains. Although he was $200k in debt from the pool business and living off credit cards, he also hired a web designer to build the new site to market and distribute his newsletter. Zanger chuckles when he found out that of his 300 free readers, the only one who took up a 30 day free trial to the paid service was from Sri Lanka. The site didn’t really take off until 2000 after Fortune magazine published a story covering his amazing success during the 1998-2000 internet boom. As word of Zanger’s stock trading coups spread in the marketplace, the readership took another jump during 2004. After a brief bear market in late summer of 1998, growth stocks took off into what was to be an 18 month frenzy of internet stock market gains that Zanger would ride to make his fortune. Taking stock of the lessons he had learned over the past 20 years, he vowed to manage his risk while being aggressive in the high quality internet growth stocks that had brought him success in the past. When the dust had settled, he Zanger was sitting on a fortune of $42 million.
I asked Zanger what he had learning during the ’00-’03 bear market. Zanger acknowledged that he had been hit hard, and he learned that he must go to cash during bear phases. Zanger believes that even if strong stocks break out during a bear market they are more prone to failure. Says Zanger “If you are going to try and buy during a bear market then you need to the change the way you handle positions and entries.” Zanger also acknowledges that the set-ups are changing due the effect of ETFs and “black-box trading strategies” on the market. Zanger believes that follow-through on breakouts is not as strong as it used to be and so different trading approaches need to be used to take positions in high relative strength stocks.
Zanger does very little shorting, though he recalls one time where he shorted E-Bay into an earnings announcement. Zanger had watched another prominent internet company deliver a stellar earnings report and then fail to make further progress after the announcement. When he saw E-Bay drifting down into the event he felt there was a good risk/reward to being short in case the numbers failed to impress. His hunch paid off, to the tune of $3.2 million overnight.
I asked Zanger where he stood on the “nature vs. nurture” argument for becoming a good trader. He felt that both were important, and that he still thinks it takes at least 4-5 years of very hard work and learning before one can expect to become proficient in the market. When asked how people might emulate his success, Zanger replies “homework, homework, and homework.”
With Zanger already a candidate for any “Trader’s Hall of Fame”, I asked what continue to drive him. He replied that he continues to strive to improve his trading game, and also to share his knowledge via his newsletter and also his annual seminar where he provides an intense one day program to a small group of aspiring traders. Zanger, who admits that he’s “very nervous” when giving the talks, nonetheless works hard to provide a venue where others can learn the strategies that took Zanger to the top.