The author brings an engineering perspective to technical analysis and applies this to the area of retirement planning. Otar’s approach is unique and a valuable addition to the field of technical analysis.
The problem he addresses in his latest book is the appropriate withdrawal rate for a retirement account. In his own words:
Take for example, a retiree who has one million dollars in his investment portfolio at the beginning of his retirement. He takes out $60,000 annually, indexed to inflation. Assume his portfolio grows 8% and inflation is 3.5% per year.
In the chart below, the red line shows the outcome from a standard retirement calculator. It shows the portfolio value (the vertical scale) over time (the horizontal scale). At first glance, it appears wonderful; the portfolio seems to last longer than 30 years.
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Now, calculate the portfolio value if this person were to start his retirement in any of the one-hundred years during the last century using actual market data and inflation. Assume a conservative asset mix – 60% fixed income and 40% equity. Each black line shows the portfolio value over time for retiring in a particular year since 1900.
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Most portfolios expired well before the red line which is the projection of the standard retirement calculator. As technicians well know, the real world does not neatly follow a model all of the time, Traders expect to be wrong at times, and successful ones have plans in place to ensure that they will survive the losses and be able to trade another day.
After reading Otar’s book, we can see that the same idea applies to retirement planning. The real world results may deviate significantly from the models and income flows may be more or less than projected. However, contingency planning for many retirement accounts often seems to be limited to the idea that “in the long run, stocks will always come back and we just need to be patient.”
Instead of having strict and quantifiable rules that limit losses, the field of financial planning generally relies on rules of thumb. This is especially true when determining the withdrawal rate of retirement accounts. A false confidence has become common place since the rules of thumb can easily be supported with seemingly infallible Monte Carlo simulations. As many planners and clients learned in the recent bear market, they do not retire in an average year and the market will not always cooperate with the standard statistical tools relied on within the industry.
Otar highlights several problems with Monte Carlo simulations:
FLAW #1: The first flaw of the MC is how it generates randomness.
THE REALITY: In real life, the distribution curve is significantly different than these idealized distribution curves. Not only that, the market history shows that the distribution curve changes its shape over time.
FLAW #2: The second flaw of MC is that the outcomes it generates are random. It ignores the effects of secular trends.
THE REALITY: When we look at history, we observe that markets are random in the short term, cyclical in the mid-term, and trending in the long term. This means, according to Otar, that you actually need to consider three different distribution curves to accurate reflect market behavior.
FLAW #3: The third flaw of MC is that ignores the correlation between the market events.
THE REALITY: When we study the market history, the sequence of market events are not random but they are correlated: For example a high inflation environment eventually causes the short term interest rates to rise, which can have bearish effects on the stock and bonds, or vice versa.
FLAW #4: The fourth flaw of MC is the unrealistic sequence of outcomes.
THE REALITY: In real life, usually during the last one third of a secular bull trend, good news begets more good news. The index moves up higher just because many bet that it will continue moving higher. On the other hand, when a bad bear market starts, bad news begets more bad news. These create what is known as “fat” tail ends on the distribution curve.
In this book, the shortcomings of current techniques are explained. This is very helpful to financial planners who are now facing clients that need to put off retirement. Client retention can be helped by explaining why the state-of-the-art planning tools failed. It also helps to retain those clients if the planner has a new suite of tools to offer, especially ones that come with a decreased probability of suffering the same problem in the future.
More important than knowing what doesn’t work is knowing what does work. Financial planners, pension fund managers, or portfolio managers looking to avoid the next bear market will find useful strategies in “Unveiling the Retirement Myth.”
For the planner, complete guidelines are provided to help clients allocate assets as they accumulate wealth and then maximize their probability of enjoying income throughout their retirement years. Strategies for employing variable annuities are also offered. While these are mainstays of the financial planning business, selection of the appropriate product is rarely a subject of rigorous analysis. For those willing to do some math, Otar shows how annuities can be effectively used for clients.
Pension fund managers often rely on standard models. In this book, they will learn how to calculate plan assets and determine if they can meet liabilities using based on market history. Assumptions will always be required, but the manager will then be able to objectively look at whether or not the assumed average portfolio growth rate, average inflation rate, or any of the other inputs really make sense. The tools will also point the manager towards the optimal mix of equities, nominal bonds, inflation-indexed bonds, and cash to hold in the portfolio.
Technical analysis is defined in the MTA Body of Knowledge as “the study of data generated by the action of markets and by the behavior and psychology of market participants and observers.” This is exactly what Otar does in his well written book. The definition goes on to say, “Such study is usually applied to estimating the probabilities for the future course of prices for a market, investment or speculation by interpreting the data in the context of precedent.” This is where Otar extends the field of technical analysis. He applies the study of data generated by the markets to the retirement portfolio of individuals and pensions funds. In so doing, he shows new uses for old ideas and demonstrates the value of technical analysis in areas beyond market analysis.
This book is available from the MTA Library.